Increasing urbanization is one of the problems that are being faced by urban areas. Urbanization causes the population in urban areas to increase. The phenomenon of urbanization does not only cause population problems, but can also cause other problems, such as increasing waste, increasing crime rates, and the emergence of slum areas. The solution to overcome the problems of urbanization in urban areas is to apply the smart city concept.
A Smart City is an innovative solution made by the city ecosystem in overcoming various problems and improving the quality of life for humans and local communities. Smart city is a smart city concept that is able to manage available resources effectively and efficiently. In Indonesia, the smart city movement has begun to be implemented, initiated by the government to organize the Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities.
There are six pillars to build a smart city, namely smart governance, smart society, smart living, smart economy, smart environment, and smart branding. These six pillars are explained in more detail through the Cohen diagram (Guidelines for Creating a Smart City According to the Cohen Diagram, 2017), namely:
- Smart economy includes international events, development and research, as well as startup development
- Smart governance is related to the openness and ease of access to government data by the public, the availability of internet facilities (wi-fi), and human resources in urban areas.
- Smart people/society, which are related to this pillar, namely education, community integration.
- Smart living, related to a healthy living environment, community security, and guaranteed happiness, and the ratio of income inequality.
- Smart mobility, related to transportation used by the community, should use environmentally friendly energy, use public transportation, and timeliness of transportation access.
- Smart environment, this pillar is related to green open space per capita, carbon footprint, and wise waste management.
However, in the implementation of Smart City, there are several challenges, including ICT infrastructure that is not evenly distributed, local governments are trapped in routine (the government still has not or does not set aside APBD for smart cities), low technical human resource capacity, the assumption that smart cities are the same as ICT projects, not as a change in work culture, and lack of commitment of local leaders.
Regions that apply the smart city concept will get benefit. According to Stephen Ezell (Vice President of Global Innovation Policy Information Technology and Innovation Foundation), there are five uses of the smart city concept. The five uses are:
- Creating better livable city planning and development in the future
- Increase regional productivity or economic competitiveness;
- Making the economic system more efficient and integrated;
- Creating environmentally friendly houses and buildings and using renewable energy sources
- Improving the welfare of the people in the region.
Implementing a smart city in an area can be one solution in overcoming problems that exist in urban areas. Therefore, with a smart city, development and development in an area can be more efficient and effective, both for the community, government, and even the existing environment. Need a good commitment from the city government as a policy maker and the community as involved parties to work together to create a smart city in their city.
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